Dependence does not develop overnight. Following the US diagnostic manual DSM-5, experts speak of a cannabis use disorder when at least two of eleven criteria apply within twelve months. Two to three are considered mild, four to five moderate, six or more severe. In ICD-11, the World Health Organization distinguishes between harmful use and dependence.
The criteria include, for example:
- using more often or more than planned
- trying unsuccessfully to use less
- strong cravings
- neglecting obligations at school, in training or at work
- carrying on even though it causes problems
- tolerance: needing more for the same effect
- withdrawal symptoms when stopping
The strongest single factor is how often someone uses. Daily or near-daily use is closely linked to a use disorder. Starting early, a lot of THC, psychological stress, addiction in the family and how long someone has been using also play a role.
Remember: If you notice that cannabis helps against bad feelings and stopping is difficult, take a closer look. The self-test gives you an initial assessment. It does not replace a diagnosis.
More on this: Recognising warning signs · How dependence develops
Sources
- NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse): Is cannabis addictive?
- Hasin et al. (2013): DSM-5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorders, American Journal of Psychiatry
- WHO: ICD-11, Hazardous use of cannabis (QE11.1) and Disorders due to use of cannabis (6C41)
- BMG (2017): short report “Cannabis: Potenzial und Risiken” (CaPRis)